Clay Farris Naff's Blog

Ad Astra: Science, Religion & Our Future

Clay Farris Naff

Clay Farris Naff
Location
Lincoln, Nebraska, 68502
Birthday
April 03
Bio
Clay Farris Naff (claynaff.com) is a science writer with a special interest in the rational reconciliation of religions with science. You can follow him at Twitter @claynaff, or visit his religion blog at www.huffingtonpost.com/clay-naff An award-winning journalist and author, he has been a science-and-religion columnist for the Metanexus Institute, an editor for Greenhaven Press, and a freelance writer for various publications, including most recently Earth magazine and The Humanist.

DECEMBER 4, 2009 11:39AM

Cell Phone Radiation Scare

Rate: 4 Flag

Why We Don't Need Any More Studies
Telling Us Cell Phone Signals Are Safe

  brain damage!

    So. Less than a month after CNN revived the cell phone brain cancer scare, another major study claims to confirm that cell phones don't cause brain cancer. Bah! What do studies know? If you're among the millions who remain unconvinced, I have good news for you. Help is at hand.

    It is well known that standard cell phones spew electromagnetic radiation in every direction. When you hold a Blackberry or iPhone up to your ear, some of that radiation goes right through your skull. No wonder people are afraid!
     Fortunately, there is a type of cell phone that emits nothing but pure light. I use one of these models every day. In fact, I have for more than a decade now, without any sign of brain cancer whatsoever.
     If you'd like to get your hands on one of these phones, just reach into your pocket or pocketbook and pull out the phone you have now. Here's the good news: it's identical to mine. All cell phones operate by emiting light. It's just not visible.
     Here now is the shocking secret that charlatans don't want you to know! "Electromagnetic radiation" is a fancy way of saying "light." Some of it has long wavelengths and low energy (per photon). Some of it has short wavelengths and high energy. Visible light falls roughly in the middle. Our eyes have evolved to be sensitive to these frequencies because they bounce off of surrounding objects and therefore carry useful information.
    Really high-energy light bulls its way through objects, and so would not be useful for imaging. Of course, we do use X-rays to produce images of our insides, but you have to go to medical school for years to be able to interpret one. Besides, we'd probably need to have heavy-metal retinas to capture the photons from x-rays. Think how exhausting it would be to roll your eyes with lead in them!
    Radio waves, on the other hand are so long in wavelength that they tend to snake around objects. Some of them will bounce off, but they produce very fuzzy images. If you've ever looked at a radar screen, you get the idea. Blips are about the best you can expect.
    As it happens, the frequencies used by cell phones are less energetic than visible light. They fall into the radio end of the spectrum. That's why you can be indoors and still connect with a cell tower. The waves just wiggle their way through the walls.
EM Spectrum

 (From Wikipedia)

    The key point is this: if visible light doesn't give you cancer -- and it does not -- cell phone light sure won't either. It's far less energetic. Think of it like this:  If I shoot you with a bullet from a gun, it is highly likely to cause severe damage. But if I hold a bullet in my fingertips and tap you with it, no harm is apt to result. Same object, different energies.
     That's the difference between the damage inflicted by UV photons on the beach that slam into your cells, chipping off bits of DNA , and the harmless transit of radiowave photons that sail on by with barely a tip of the hat. The real problem here is not radiation, or even semantics, but the cloud of fearful ignorance that engulfs the American people.
    We shrink in terror from things that are reasonably safe -- cell phones, air travel, vaccines -- and lope along in blissful disregard of things that pose a real threat -- global warming, overpopulation, and Faux News, to name a few.
   The remedy is much simpler than finding a cure for cancer: basic scientific literacy is all it takes. I contend that just about anyone who can learn to operate a cell phone can grasp the physical principles by which it operates. It's just that the former is a social imperative -- who wants to admit that they are stumped by their new Droid? -- while the knowing the latter just gets you tarred as a nerd.
   But there's a reason "nerds" are resented. Being smart pays. Not IQ smart necessarily, but well informed and fully equipped with the mental tools to tell probable truth from a pile of steaming yak dung. (There are plenty of people with high IQs who spend their lives neck-deep in yak dung. Rush comes to mind.)
   In the formative past, the ability to discern reliable patterns in nature from mirages and myths had survival value. Today, the same faculties can make you rich and happy. So make that next call to the science homework helpline. Or better yet, keep reading this blog.

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Thank you for that almost perfect explanation. Just a couple of quibbles. First of all, our eyes are tuned to the range of frequencies they detect because those are the frequencies energetic enough to interact with molecules (like those in our retina nerve cells) but not so energetic they damage them. Longer wavelengths in the infrared just warm things up, shorter wavelengths in the UV break things up.

Secondly, you failed to give some credit where it's due. Kudos to James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (a lot smarter than the Scottish physicist typing this) was the one that figured out that all these different forms of radiation are all just flavors of the same thing. Albert Einstein figured out in 1905 that light below a particular frequency won't do anything, no matter how bright it is, to shift an electron out of a material, but go just slightly shorter beyond that threshold and it will (the photoelectric effect). It's actually that discovery for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1921, rather than the more famous work on relativity.
Wow. Thanks for this. I am no physicist, but as a neuroscientist I appreciate this breakdown!
A home run, Clay. The bullet analog was brilliant. A good mix of physics and ordinary sensibilities. (Say, shouldn't you be writing for some popular magazine?) Move over, Marilyn Voss!
It's the old fallacy: mention two things in the same breath and people think that implies cause and effect.
Good post Clay, but I must say: the last thing you EVER have to worry about is people dumping their cell phones.

My own experience is that cell phone use has gone through the roof, and along with it we have lost so much basic etiquette, and so much regard for one's fellow driver.

Even if cell phones caused the plague, it wouldn't deter the masses from texting during the movie, or buzzing during class. Who are these people frightened of cell phones? Certainly they're not at UNL!

My point is: I think we might be better off with the cancer myth :)

Best,
-David Logan
You evil, corporate payroll swine.

Cell phones are lethal death machines trying to kill us all. I would trust you and your fancy scmancy science explanation if I didn't know for a fact that you're working for the cellscum madmen in corporateville.

Electromagnetic radiation in the form of low frequency radio waves has been demonstrated again and again to cause cancer and death everywhere.

People need to throw their cell phones away, right now!

Then they can go out and buy my new "Safe Phone" that uses a clean, high tech vibrational transmission technology that's safe, fun and easy.

The Safe Phone can be found anywhere tin cans and string are sold.
(Patent pending)

Rated.
Thanks, folks. A few responses. I appreciate Gee Bee's elaborations of what I wrote, though I don't see why he calls them quibbles. Le Logan is right about the downside of cell phone use. As for Heizeler, he is well-known to insiders as a paid stooge of the Superstring Lobby. Yet, I must concede that even he is correct in one respect: cell phones do cause death. Not by cancer but by collision, as people attempt to text and drive.

Thanks for the comments!

Clay
I hope that you don't expect scientific knowledge to change anyone's mind. The American public has demonstrated again and again that they are not about to allow facts to get in the way of their cherished beliefs. Magic and miracles will always trump knowledge, just ask Sarah when she runs for whatever office she's running for.

Actually this is one of the most easily understood explanations of the electromagnetic spectrum I have seen. Thanks for shining some light on the subject.
Of COURSE people prefer myths and magic to facts. There much more fun. I have a teacher who can always predict when there is going to be a snow day by looking at a weather map - it never fails. Instead of talking to him, however, my friends and I were quite ready to be superstitous and put spoons under our pillows to make sure the weather cooperated.
Spoon under the pillow, huh? I'll have to try that? How's it working for you?

Cheers,


Clay
Clay, I've got a couple of quibbles, too. First, cell phone radiation is much closer in wavelength to microwaves than to am/fm radio waves. As one who's accidently burned a plate of bacon in my microwave, I guarantee you I wouldn't put my head in a microwave oven. If you want to argue that cell phones are safe transmitters of radiation, it might be more appropriate to do based on the intensity of the transmitter (1 or 2 watts vs. 800 to 1000 for an oven), and not the frequency of the waves.

Second, the earth's atmosphere does a pretty good job of filtering most types of radiation. For the most part, it only lets visible light and radio waves through. It stands to reason that humans have evolved to tolerate these types of radiation. Since our atmosphere blocks most microwaves, u/v, x-rays and gamma rays, it seems more likely these could potentially be harmful to human tissue given long term or intense exposure.

I'm no luddite, but to me, the evidence is still out on cell phone safety.

Regards,

Scott