The Efficient Economist

Economics without ideology

David Robertus

David Robertus
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Longmont, Colorado,
Bio
David lives in Colorado with his wife and kids. He studied geography and economics at the University of Texas and works as a consulting software engineer.

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Salon.com
APRIL 21, 2010 6:30PM

Books Revisited Review

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I have always found the value of book reviews to be limited to the kind of book being reviewed.  A review of fiction is probably as good one day as the next.  Nonfiction, and in this case economics, is another matter.  I've decided to read books from years ago and see if they stand the test of time.  I picked "Everything for Sale" by Robert Kuttner from 1996, and "Generational Accounting" from 1993 by Laurence Kotlikoff.  As I am not the best at this kind of thing, I've broken the reviews into four sections- the good, the bad, the ugly, and the memorable.  I think you can guess the nature of the first three, but the fourth is specific to the things that stuck out and make it stand the test of time in some way (or not).

 

Everything For Sale: The Virtues and Limits of Markets by Robert Kuttner

The Good

No matter your view of Kutters philosophical orientation, the guy can write.  This is an excellent work that with 20/20 hindsight provided by 14+ years of history hits the nail on the head at almost every turn.  He starts with an over view of what it means to be economically efficient, and gives the three measures- Smithian, Keynsian, and Shumpterian (allocative/micro-economic, distributive/macro-economic, and innovative/monopolistic).  He focuses on three markets- labor, health care, and financial markets.  The second two REALLY stand out, perhaps because labor markets have not exploded and dragged the nation into the worst recession since the 1930's.  He examines in detail the reasons that a free-market approach can not provide a coherent efficient health care system.  If he thought the health care situation was bad in '96 then he must have been nauseas by February 2010.  His section on financial markets was written at a very telling time- it was just before the repeal of Glass-Steagel, which he described as the last remaining pillar of financial regulation.   

 

The Bad
This is actaully the hardest part of this entire review to write.  Read it yourself and if you find something that deserves mention here, let me know and I'll post it, 'cause I'm essentially at a loss.  Oh, here's one- could be shorter.  I have two kids and no time, so help me out here, Rob!

The Ugly
Dust jacket was marred with chewing gum- damn kids!

The Memorable
Basically everything he predicted would happen in the financial markets came to pass so for those of you saying the economic crisis of the recent past was not forseeable should read this and let it sink in.  

If you were lost in the health care debate and wonder why over haul is really necessary, just know this- public health is an "indivisible public good".  And competitive markets don't function well in those areas.  Regulated oligopolies/monopolies, ideally at a national/societal level are most efficient.

The section on government intervention in R&D should be mandatory reading for all members of Congress.  Those who disagree with the conclusions should be impeached as they are too ideologically stubborn to assist the nation in any meaningful way. 

 

Generational Accounting: Knowing Who Pays, and When, for What We Spend by Laurence Kotlikoff.

The Good
There is an excellent chart showing what age cohort can (as of the time of writing and under the expected policies at that time) expect to pay out, or receive in surplus benefits, over their expected life times.  This is an immense achievement.  There should be an updated version of this chart made after every congressional session that is posted online and mailed with your Social Security Benefits each year.  And a big version of it should be posted outside the House and Senate that the member walk by when they enter and leave chambers.

The Bad
Kotlikoff is a heck of an accountant.  But his writing style leaves much to be desired- he says up front that his editor was invaluable but I think another over hal was necessary.  Typos, misstatements abound.  The worst part is that he will often write out a long stretch of what current deficit measures fail to do, but waits until much much later to say what they DO show and offers an alternative view.  He spends too little time on the mechanics of his results, so his chart is not reproducible.  No algorithms or techniques are laid out, which is a shame, as such a section could be an excellent textbook.

The Ugly
Quite a bit- Kotlikoff fails to leave his emotions a the door for his writing.  He obviously has (or had) contempt for the accounting techniques of Washington and the emotions clearly take over part of his writing.  He forgets that his audience is trying to learn how generational accounting works, not that the existing approach has negative consequences.  His anger is quite understandable when you get to the chart about net payments/receipts, and I'll bet hasn't been mitigated given that over the last 17 years the chart probably doesn't show an improving prospect for his cohort (or anyone else's for that matter). 

The Memorable
At one point Kotlikoff writes "...later this decade [meaning the 90's] we will have a large budget surplus... the difficulty will be preventing politicians from spending it."  So, later in the 90's we get the substantial budget surplus and then in 2001 Bush spends the whole schmeer on tax cuts for the rich.  

The best part of this book is how he shows that the stated deficit is a useless number to measure as it is skewed by simple naming convention.  His example is quite brilliant- Social Security.  If one country says "we tax our workers and pay retirees" and another says "we take out loans for each worker and pay that loan back with interest to each worker" both have exactly the same effect, but they show radically different deficits.  The book is worth it just for learning this. 

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