I had to go to the mall yesterday to pick up a prescription. I loathe the mall, and yet, I find myself there fairly frequently. It's not the closest place to find necessities, but it's the only place to find certain necessities--last night, it was plastic insulation for the windows.
As usual, I was people watching. The mall seemed full of locals, and I started noticing something. Virtually everyone was carrying around extra weight. Lots of belly fat. Some of them were so slowed up by the extra weight that they lumbered. I started looking for lean people. There were a few, but as a percentage, it was less than 20 percent.
I know that we’re engaged in a national crisis over American obsesity. We blame television, and our sedentary lifestyles, and the availability of cheap, high-fat food. We drink too much soda. We eat too much candy and potato chips and fast food. We don’t exercise. It’s all our fault. We’re the richest nation on earth and we’re a bunch of slobs. Blah Blah Blah.
I’d like to offer some thoughts.
I am teaching it next semester, so I have been re-reading Caroline Knapp’s brilliant book: Appetites: Why Women Want. In it, Knapp (who died way too young at 42 of cancer) wrote of women’s appetites: for food, for sex, for material goods. She did not condemn desire. Rather, in a complex argument that I’m treating schematically here, she looked at how desire is twisted in our culture. For white, middle-class women especially, (and Knapp admits that her observations/experiences are based on her own position as white and middle class) thwarted desire lies at the heart of many of our cultural maladies.
It is the illusion of choice that thwarts the desire. It is the illusion that a well-educated, intelligent white woman is going to have access to real power in this culture that ultimately turns desire in on itself, twists it, cripples it, so that the thwarted desire becomes the source of suffering. In a way, it’s the Noble Truths of Buddhism. In another way, it’s what it’s like to be told you have power in America when you do not.
And Knapp argues that for women, who despite the seeming accommodations made for women’s liberation by the powers that be, are especially affected by this thwarted desire. As I said, she’s writing as a white, middle-class woman, and how this thwarted desire manifests itself in other groups of people is not in her expertise. But her argument spoke to me.
Knapp was an anorexic. In a way, this provokes a “ho hum” reaction in me. After all, just how many more books do we need to read about white anorexia? But this book spoke to me because I also have an eating disorder. I’ve made no secret of the fact that I’ve dealt with bulimia for the last several years. I thought it was a thing of the past. Occasionally, (but not for a long time now, thank god) bulimia called to me. And sometimes, I answered that call.
It’s embarrassing to admit. What sane, dignified, intelligent person wants to admit that sometimes, after eating a meal, or a bar of chocolate, or an ice cream sundae, she would stick her finger down the back of her throat and vomit? Especially one who is the mother of two daughters and who is desperate for them to not emulate that kind of behaviour? I found ways of being secretive about it, including going outside and vomiting in the backyard, away from the house. In the dark. Alone. So no one could see. It wasn’t a full-scale relapse. But it happened often enough that I could smell relapse in the miasma of my own vomitus.
My bulimia is fueled by a few things. Basic brain chemistry, for one. My genetic line on both sides of my family condemn me to craziness of various stripes. I am beyond grateful that my brain chemistry can be treated with drugs, and I no longer worry about the fact that I have to take antidepressants. Illness is illness. Despite the fact that I am in the happiest relationship of my life, that I am in love, that I am loved, that my children are doing well, and that nothing, at this moment, seeks to harm me, I feel powerlessness and a need to run. It’s a potent combination, and there have been days in the past where that combination has knocked me on my ass. Or, knocked me to my knees, bending over a toilet.
I will tell you one more thing before I get back to those folks at the mall. Every time I threw up in the past, I was entirely conscious of what I was doing. The conversation went something like this: “Throwing up is not going to solve your problems.” And the response in my head was always something like, “Fuck you. It’s going to make me feel better.” In a situation where I cannot seem to move myself out of the position I’m currently in, the fact that I could manipulate my body endorphins, exercise control over my food intake, hurt myself, was moving myself. It was power. False power. But power nonetheless.
I am starting to take my power back. I am working my ass off on some writing projects that I hope will get me somewhere I want to be. I am reaching out to people who I love. I am running, or biking, or hiking, and loving the world in which I long for spring to claim the frozen earth.
But, I look around and I see a lot of folks who are obese. And I found myself wondering why there has been such a growth of obesity in the past couple of decades. And all the reasons in the third paragraph still apply.
But I think obesity is a metaphor. I could just as easily be focusing on the need to shop. Or the need to drink. To take pills. To obsess. But, just for now, I want to talk about food, because food, for me, is an issue.
I think that my problem with food is reflective of a larger problem in our culture. We, as a nation, do not know how to make ourselves feel better. We do not know how to move ourselves out of the positions that the vast majority of us find ourselves in. We have been gradually stripped of our power. We cannot afford to buy the toys that we could that distracted us. When I was a kid, many, many people had RVs, and boats, and a new car every year. Middle class folks. But the middle class is drowning, and the poor, well, the poor are long underwater.
So, what do we have? We have food. Cheap, fattening, sweet food. And our televisions. The solace of food is what many of us give ourselves because we have nothing else. We can see what we want: it’s there on our television sets every night. Taunting us. But we cannot have it. We send our children off to fight in an unjust war. We work our barely-getting-by jobs. We struggle to make ends meet. And we eat. It doesn’t change anything. But for those moments when that sweetness is on our tongues, we feel better in our powerlessness.
I have written on this topic before. I've returned to it as the Christmas season has reminded me that we are not getting better. That, and my continuing rage over the ways that women are mistreated in this culture.
When will people stop trying to buy themselves out of unhappiness? When will women demand real power?


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Comments
What I would love to know is: why is relapse so damn easy? Path of least resistance?
I smoke one cigarette on the way home from work in my car.
That is one of my many concessions to i.g.
Any thoughts on that subject?
Before I got into the topic here I was thinking of being flip and suggesting that maybe the "fat" people were really shoplifters with "extra" pockets. I suppose some of that is possible, but what you say here has a much deeper, more disturbing truth.
Living in Salem, or Witch City as it often called, one theory about those young women was that the girls receiving so much attention for their accusations were all on the cusp of adulthood, moving from childhood to marriage, motherhood, and a dis-empowered life. Making accusations, pointing their fingers, gave them power they would never know again.
The food and feeding oneself issue is so big. Like you, I see many students with disorders. Also a cafeteria and vending machines on every floor offering crap to young people. It is a deep deep problem, one that is seldom discussed openly, and reflects I think a spiritual bankruptcy in the culture at large. Thank you for making this a focus of your course content.
I have weighed less than 90 pounds and over 300 in the past.
I have worn sizes 0/1 to 24/25 in women's clothing.
For some like me, eating is something we can control.
So when we feel like we cannot control something else, we do what we can control.
We eat.
my 2 cents here
I love this post, BTW.
And the food thing - it's just built in, and in times and places of plenty like ours will always require discipline regardless of all other life circumstances. We lust after fat and sugar because when we were young as a species it was so rare and yet so valuably high-energy - when we got hold of some, down the craw it went. Just stuffing ourselves when food is available is BUILT IN. Eat now, for tomorrow we may starve. We 'know' better, but try telling that to the lizard brain. And accumulating *stuff* - I don't think it's entirely a reaction to psychic need, but again the lizzie brain that is the basis of animal life.
And instant gratification too. Delayed gratification works pretty well when you haven't much choice, but as a society we've got all kinds of food, preferably fat and sweet, and all kinds of *stuff*, and now as individuals we expect to resist...
All of this is ever present. And, of course, times or personal experiences of especial powerlessness exacerbates the thing...
The conversation went something like this: “Throwing up is not going to solve your problems.” And the response in my head was always something like, “Fuck you. It’s going to make me feel better.”
Lorraine, I can't begin to express how that resonated with me. My struggle may not be an eating disorder, but with alcohol instead, but damn....truer words were never spoken.
Disease. Disease.
We live in an age where the problems are ones of excess. Pollution, excessive consumption, etc.
Most of all, unrealistic expectations.
It is simply the most extreme form of excess.
As such, it seems to lead to analogies that shift us away from more nuanced realities that are the core of everyday life.
I wish I had answers, but I don't. But this time of year always sets off my own struggles with what I need versus what I want, and my own awareness that things aren't going to buy me happiness, no matter the myths of our society that just owning something will change you.
I also think that as a species our senses are assaulted by sounds and sights and general activity (via cars, megamarts, television, internet, phones and other devices) at a level that would be unbearable to our great-grandparents, and I wonder what the constant barrage of stimulus does to our brains. Maybe we aren't coping as well as we think.
But as I have put distance between me and what once was, I notice the great chasm between what we think we want and what this culture is able to give us. I know that for me, the thing that fills me up has been learning to like my own company. Amazing how long it took for me to get there.
I'm appreciative of the comments.
I've been grading papers all day and am a bit kerfuffled in terms of brain power. But I'm taking in the comments and hope to say something that makes sense when I am less tired.
Now I just read a post by a blogger who has been here for some time, lost work and has to obtain federal aid to eat.
Then I read another post about surviving by digging through dumpsters and culling food bits.
I just came back from being outside and saw Salvation Army kettle ringers who say they can't get donations.
Then I looked at this a again about people who can eat so much that it makes them huge or others that eat and barf because it makes them feel better.
They eat I'm told because they feel powerless .What is really powerless, male or female is to not have enough to eat or the resources to change it.
So this seems to me right now to be a pretty fancy complaint.
People who are unhappy seem to find ways to be happy, based on their brain chemistry that can lead them down several addictive paths. Changes occur when people are targeted too. In the past we were not necessarily marketed to in the same ways, now we are captive on so many levels by marketers, big business and manipulated with and without our consent. So we become much more powerless on so many levels.
Ah, I could go on and on. Good post, thanks for sharing it.
Turning 41 this month... I've moved across the socio-economic spectrum from working class roots to upper middle up until a few years ago, to now struggling to hang on to some semblance of my former lifestyle. No matter where I am on the want meter, my weight has been too high; my self-esteem, too low for the better part of the last decade. Interesting topic and no easy answers.
But then, who wants to have sex with fat people?
Truly, we are trapped in an endless cycle.
Most people just give in. Some confuse it for weakness and a character failing and pursue a life of " I will control my life". In a way, the control and power issue is not with the obese, it's with those who think they can fight the industrial food complex via intellect and virtue. Instead, they should use their intellect and virtue to fight the industrial food complex .
The delusion is in those who look down on the obese as powerless and pathetic victims of their own making and not the victims of the food industry that is aided by public policies.
I hope that it doesn't come across that I'm making fun of obese people. I'm not. I feel a great deal of compassion for them, as I see their relationship with food to be as fucked up as mine. Whether that comes from the poor choices they have because of the cost of food, or whether they use food as many of us have also used alcohol, et al, in order to dull the pain, I think obesity is rarely a "choice." And, if it is, if it's an eat, drink, and be merry thing, well, who am I to judge.
All I know is that I was really struck by the incongruity of the craziness of Xmas, obesity, and how angry I am at how women keep getting told they're equal, but we can't even control our own reproduction.
I could go on and on about why I'm angry: the fact that so many of my friends have reproductive cancers and I wonder if it's because we're poisoning everything around us.
If it's true that food is laced with stuff that makes us crave even more food, which I don't have the scientific expertise to comment on, I do feel like a dupe.
Food issues, to me, are a lot like dealing with depression. People say "just get over it," but they say that from a place where they don't know how it feels.
This week, I have really wanted to be bulimic again, and I have resisted it, mostly because I know that it will aggravate headaches and other things that I don't want to have to deal with. But do I somehow think that eating an entire chocolate cake would make me feel better even though I know it won't? Yes. Of course.
I am an imperfect, mortal creature. Some days, that's an easier fact to deal with than other days, when it feels unbearable.
Life, huh?
How do we stop trying to buy our way out of unhappiness when we think we're supposed to be happy, or that we DESERVE to be happy, but we don't know what that means? When we're fed a steady diet of quick fixes and easy wealth? When conspicuous consumption is flaunted before us and represented as real power?
I hope some things become apparent to us as we age--in my case, it's learning how to build a better filter system. Not all things are equally important--not to me and probably not for humans in general, although I can't speak for them. Taking what we need and only that, giving what we can and only that (not less or more) is a life's lesson all its own.
Nicotine is addictive because our nervous system is wired with a few sets of receptors, and nicotine perfectly mimics the receptor. Smoking is a number of addictive habits, and there are many added chemicals that make the tobacco products even more addictive than just the nicotine.
Just read in NYT about the reality that there is more sugar in an average kid's breakfast cereal than in two cookies. Seriously, we're all dupes if we think that the FDA or the Dept of Agriculture has the best interests of healthy people in mind. The number one purpose of any product/company is to make money.
I agree that obesity is rarely a "choice", but you're leaving out so much in your framing of obesity as resulting from either addiction or inability to afford healthy food.
If there's one thing I wish I could scream from the rooftops and get everyone to understand it's this: not every obese person makes "poor choices". Not all of us overeat and sit on the couch all day. I know this doesn't make sense to people who don't live it, to people who can easily lose weight by eating a few less cookies or doing a few extra sit-ups, but some of us are obese *despite* doing everything "right".
If it weren't for my ridiculously sluggish metabolism, I would have been considered anorexic years ago. I've been on diets since I was 5, and obsessed with counting calories for as long as I can remember. I've lived on as low as 800 cals/day, typically eat 1200-1500, and can't remember the last time I went over 2000. I hit the gym at least 4-5 days/week, and for several months each year am active for 6-8/day 5 days/week. Yet not only am I obese, I have consistently gained weight. I've been to doctor after doctor and they can find nothing wrong, other than a metabolism so slow that my body temperature is 1.5 degrees below normal.
I starve myself like an anorexic, yet everyone who sees me assumes I eat like Miss Piggy. Can you imagine the dissonance in that? So please, again I implore you and everyone else - please stop assuming that you can tell what someone eats just by looking at them. Not everyone's body works the same way yours does, and not every obese person makes "poor choices".
R♥
We make metaphors for our various behavioral tics because we need to understand ourselves and our environment. It doesn't matter what story we tell ourselves. Signifiers change. A hundred years ago, being skinny was a sign of poverty because there was not enough food. Now being skinny is a sign of wealth, because it means you have access to high quality food and leisure for physical activity. Being fat means you eat what is cheap and plentiful, since you are poor. That's true before you factor in longings.
It's still very worthwhile to talk about appetites, how we experience them, how we direct them, and how we suppress them. This is the dissonance of our increasingly cerebral lives, where even a working class person might sit all day at his job. We don't really do much to use all those drives and appetites. We don't run, we don't climb, we don't fight, we don't fuck. The same brain circuits that used to light up with the hunt or primitive dancing now get triggered by various chemicals and the vicarious thrills of the TV. I see the emotional contortions as parallel to the obesity problem, and both as outcomes of our post-industrial economic system.