Gravity Matters

Why Do Comets Turn Around and Come Back?
MARCH 3, 2010 7:19AM

Gravity Drops

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From the orbits of comets to the behavior of molecules in an eyedropper, gravity exerts its invisible force across distances great and small.  A leaking faucet presents a fascinating mind challenge when thinking about gravity.  Imagine a small stream of water slowly running down the inside edge of a faucet.  Drawn downward by the gravitational pull of the Earth, the water molecules slowly slide down and begin to accumulate into a bead.  As more water molecules flow downward, the bead expands, holding more molecules, more mass.  But still small, the bead adheres to the side of the faucet and to the water stream behind it.  The forces at work are the adhesive attraction of the water molecules to the side of the faucet, the cohesive attraction of the water molecules to themselves, and gravity.  Eventually, the mass of the bead of water grows to a critical point where the gravitational force overcomes the adhesive and cohesive forces, and the bead is torn away, molecule by molecule, in an instant, to fall away.

Perhaps the key to finding the unified theory of everything, that explains the interaction of gravity and all nuclear forces, could be found in this example of a water drop falling from a leaky faucet.  We could set up an experiment where we create a slow steady stream, count the drops that fall during a specified time, weigh the dropped water, and divide by the number of drops to get an average mass for each drop.  This would tell us simply that at this point in space, a certain mass of water will break away due to the force of gravity.  Measuring the cohesive and adhesive forces inside the faucet might be tricky, but if we could do it, we could understand the ratios of these three forces.  I imagine that scientists have already figured out the ratio of gravitational forces to molecular forces through a variety of experiments.  They know the equations that link these forces, but still don't see what happens at the moment that the water drop breaks away.  How is it communicated to the water molecules to break away along a specific dividing line to allow the drop to break free?

What if we compared the drops of a different material with a diffferent atomic mass than water.  If we set up two experiements of dripping liquid, one with water and the other with, say, mercury, would the mass of each drop be the same?  If different, could the difference tell us more about the gravitational force?

What if we study hot liquid wax dripping from a candle?  The drops of wax are pulled by gravity because they are liquid.  Because their molecules are in a state of motion that permits the Earth's gravity at that location to pull them downward.  But as the wax cools and the wax molecules slow down, the wax solidifies, forming a solid droplet at the edge of the candle that never breaks away.  What is it about the difference between the liquid and solid wax that affects the gravitational force?

The invisible force of gravity creates visible effects, from comets that curve back toward the sun, to the water dripping from your kitchen faucet.  There is a secret hidden therein in full view if only we could "see" it better.  Think about it.

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Great post - really interesting to think about gravity in this way! Diagrams and images might help these thought-experiments, too...

Am adding this to my list of great science posts on OS!

Rated,
A.
Gravity is relative to our experience, as everything else. We know, now, gravity won't stop the expansion of the universe, and in fact the expansion is accelerating. AND, we don't know a thing about dark matter, so pointing towards gravity as an ultimate law of the universe is naive.