Living with Caer

Living with Caer
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USA
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October 22
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CAER HALLUNDBAEK is an award-winning author, on-air host and commentator on spirituality, religion and faith worldwide. A Founding Director of the Godspeed Institute, she is the host of the radio program of the Institute, which airs live on the Progressive Radio Network every week. To hear her conversations with spiritual leaders and scholars around the world, see links below to connect!

APRIL 23, 2010 12:26PM

Can a novel made into a film stay fully true to the book?

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When Peter Jackson spoke with CNN this week, it was to discuss the future of "The Hobbit" and to -- once again -- defend his film “The Lovely Bones,” which just went to DVD and Blu-Ray on Tuesday. Admittedly, it is difficult to imagine why he would need to defend anything.

 

A director with the Midas touch, Jackson’s epic direction of the “Lord of The Rings” trilogy earned him 17 Oscars and a legendary reputation. In 2005 he followed the LOTR with a remake of “King Kong,” another smash hit with both audiences and critics.

 

The “Lord of the Rings” trilogy was inspired by the JRR Tolkien novels, and Jackson made them come alive with creative and technical mastery. “King Kong,” although never a novel in its original format, was inspired by the literary stunners of its day, specifically Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World (1912) and Edgar Rice Burroughs' The Land That Time Forgot (1918).

 

So far so good: Jackson appears to know what he is doing with literary adaptations.

 

“The Lovely Bones” is a different kind of story. It’s every parent’s worst nightmare of their child being lured away by a sick acquaintance and murdered – not the kind of fantasy that invites one easily into the hills of the Shire.

 

From a purgatorial afterlife called the "in-between," the girl watches her family grieve, her father become obsessed with catching the killer, her mother move out, and her siblings and friends struggle with the tragedy – until there is resolution and she can proceed to heaven with the other children who were murdered by this same serial killer. This "in-between" is a fluid and colorful plane made in the style of “What Dreams May Come.”

 

The common complaint about “The Lovely Bones,” a poignant, creative and jarring film based on the 2002 novel by Anne Sebold, is that it bears little resemblance to the book.

 

For example, sex is a central theme in the novel "Lovely Bones," detailing the tangible world of the power of sex, extramarital sex, and sex between young lovers – in addition to the heinous rape of the young girl, which viewers do not see in the film.

 

In Jackson's retelling, which has been called “simplified” and “sweetened,” the rape is implied and the gruesome murder is off-screen, glimpsed largely in fragmented flashbacks. Do I need to see these events explicitly?

 

When I was a literary associate for the Royal Court Theatre in London, I helped search for potential material the theatre could produce. Once such work we discovered was a novel called Requiem for a Woman’s Soul, a difficult book inspired by a true story of a woman who was one of the ‘Disappeared’ in Central America.

 

She wrote her experiences of torture and rape on bits of toilet paper she could find. Eventually all that was left of her life were these tissue fragments and her engagement ring which were placed in a box and smuggled to the parish priest in her village. He put the tiny fragments of paper together to learn her story.

 

In the end we decided that the violence in the novel was so pornographic we could not discern how it could possibly be staged for an audience -- and abandoned the project.

 

 

peterjackson-9

  director Peter Jackson

 

As a parent, the sweetened "Lovely Bones” was disturbing enough. I understood clearly what was happening in the film without the need of extreme blunt force to my senses or my psyche.

 

Other films, such as Robert Redford’s award-winning adaptation of Ordinary People, also deal with the loss of a child, in that case the death of a son by drowning. The scenes of the brothers clinging to their capsized boat were perceived in glimpses and flashes as well. We see the boy slip away… we don’t follow him beneath the waters.

 

Were readers disappointed? Were they put off by Redford's repeated melancholic use of Pachelbel’s “Canon in D” thus launching its newfound usage from Kenny G recordings to countless wedding marches through the 1980s? I don't think that soundtrack was in the book. Which raises the question:

 

Can a novel made into a film stay fully true to the book? And should it?

 

When literary texts are adapted into screenplays, there is the input of other minds, other writers, other ideas and creative energies that will add to the material. This is not necessarily a bad thing.

 

When the Atlantic Theater Company in New York adapted my screenplay “On the Street Where You Live” toward a stage production, I saw the actors take hold of the material and improvise all sorts of things that were surprising, delightful, and hilarious. Not part of my original vision, perhaps – but hilarious. This is the creative process.

Further, Jackson made his choices based on his sensitivity toward the material – choices that also included decency and a simple reality: we can put a book down.

Literature is not the same medium as cinematography. A book takes its time developing its environment and themes; when faced with too much to bear in the moment, a reader can put the book down to process the material. Film allows no such processing time. It is a continual motion, or in the case of a violent movie, a continual onslaught that cannot be absorbed or processed psychologically.

Jackson knows his medium. He told a difficult story in a film that can be experienced and processed, one that shows the random nature of the world, and the violent side of humanity, but one that doesn’t leave us there. There is closure and some healing for these poor bones, sealed with the girl’s mystical opportunity to share her first kiss with the boy of her dreams before she departs this realm.

“The universe always bends toward justice,” said Albert Einstein.

Jackson made no apologies for his rendition of the film this week.

“The film is very much what we set out to make," he said. “I don't know what I'd do differently."

I stand beside him on this one.

 

 

 

 

 

  

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I think he made the right decision. Books and film are 2 different mediums and only a simpleton would believe that he or she must treat print and video in the same literal fashion. Depiction of sexual violence and muder is so much stronger when viewed on the screen than it is in a book. So actually, to produce the same "effect", he would have had to leave more to the imagination in the film than in the book. A horrifying vision of rape and murder in the opening moments on screen would have been so jarring that it would have adversely affected the audiences viewing of the rest of the film. The film needed the same "balance" as the book, and that means that it must account for the affects of the events on the audience.
Well said, Gary -- thank you -- the balance is key.
A film buff once told me that bad novels make good movies, good novels make bad movies. I have found exceptions to this rule: Restoration (novel by Rose Tremain; movie by Rupert Walters); Emma (novel by Jane Austen; movie by Douglas McGrath) come to mind. But I always wonder if that film buff was on to something...
We need a hybrid -- a film that mixes voice and film. You can't get everything from a book into a film.
I see your point, I find it eloquently put as well as none objective. I'm glad you didn't shove your view point down your reader's throats. Instead your graciously allowed them to accept your opinion. Kudos.

That being said; I respectfully disagree. Not about the main issue, concerning the successful movie adaptations from books. That, I feel is possible. Unfortunately, whenever a movie does come out that is faithful to the book, it seems to have a disturbingly miniscule audience. This probably is akin to the fact that user Gary Fandango highlighted; "Books and films are 2 different mediums." While I believe that to be a true statement, I also agree with the other salient point made; "balance between the two". I think if the film is too verbatim it can lag, and lose the more ADD audience members. However, key points highlighted in the book must be translated to the screen. I will use 1999's The Green Mile as an example. This intense drama was adapted from Stephen Kings serial novel of the same name. Of course, Stephen King is well known for his expositional writing, therefore making the film adaptations a bit difficult. There was no way to cover all the details of the book and not make the film too long to be theater friendly. Therefore, the director made the wise choice to showcase the most important details taking place in the book. Specifically, the infamous "sponge scene" with Percy Wetmore. Spoiler ahead for those who've yet to see this movie: Wetmore is a guard that only has his job because his father, everyone resents him. He wants to aid in an electricution before he finally relieves them of his presence. They relent, thinking it's a better option then having him around forever. They explain the process and are very careful to focus on the "soaking of the sponge" as explicit instruction. If he does not wet the sponge and place it on the victim's head before electricution, he will simply burn to death slowly, the electricity will not conduct well enough. Of course, Wetmore, being the deviant he is, doesn't wet the sponge. And the audience then subjected to 6 or so of the more extruciating moments in cinema. But it's totally neccessary. We must witness this atrocity to truly understand Percy Wetmore's eventual fate.

In conclusion I feel that balance is the most important aspect in book to movie adaptations.
My wife was a huge fan of the book "The Lovely Bones". She was worried about seeing the film, since she was unsure how they could pull it off. Her take was that the film was very good, despite the differences, which she felt were what it took to adapt the story to the new medium. And Stanley Tucci was astounding.

We both just finished reading "A Reliable Wife", a wonderfully written piece of melodrama set in 1908 Wisconsin. The book was optioned for movie-making, no surprise considering actor/producer Bob Balaban is mentioned in the acknowledgments as having read early drafts. We're dying to see what they make of it. In fact we have been having fun discussing who could play the three main characters.
Houston's The Maltese Falcon is as close to being true to Hammett's novel as any movie I've seen has been to any book. rated with chip on shoulder
Carole, good subject. Usually if I like or love a book, I don't see the movie. But there are exceptions esp when I cannot get into a book, I'll see the movie. Right now specifics are not available, or do not come to mind. But I like this discussion and the post itself a lot.

I haven't seen "... Bones" but I'm glad they kept the violence towards the dead girl, Susy Salmon, is that correct? to a minimim. All parents who watch or read about murdered children are taking a real risk. It's a subject that we read or see at our peril. But this film I do want to see. Well done CH. O, there is one book that a friend and I worked to make a film. He, my friend, sees many films whereas I prefer books. He had some totally ingenious ideas but did not have the follow-thru to get it all on paper and I was contributing and typing. I still feel that's a shame, the book was Murakami's "Kafka on the Shore." Shame shame shame... R
This is an interesting topic, so I have to ask one more thing -- Can you ever get the same thing out of a movie as you get from a book and vice versa? I think it's impossible. Each medium has its advantages, and each tends to allow some things to come through and filter other things out. It's impossible fo a single medium to let throught the entire jist of a story.

A book for example, might have 5 pages that describe an event -- what happened, what led up to it, what people were thinking, what they were feeling, what makes the event notable, thoughts about the event by the author, etc... In a book the event can just sit there and wait as the reader absorbs it.

Not so in a movie. Things have to keep moving along in a movie, and most of the story must be told visually with sounds and actors expressions. Some things about the story can be described by having the actors talk about them, but not too often and not in too much depth. The strong point of a movie is that the viewer doesn't have to imagine the scenes as they unfold, he can watch it on the screen. That is a powerful thing that a book can't do.
There are two other big differences between books and movies. One is, books tell while movies show. The other is, while a book can go on in detail that fleshes out particular aspects of the story, a movie must pare it down to its essentials in order to keep it within 2-3 hours while still keeping the story believable and audiences involved.

Movies are stories primarily told through action and dialogue, so action/adventure novels obviously make the best adaptations, because their stories themselves are often visual in the telling. It's when a book is more introspective and layered that an adaptation becomes challenging. There's also the challenge of what to leave in and what to take out. For example, I recall seeing "The Prince of Tides" after reading the book, and the strongest thing that struck me (other than Barbra Streisand being hopeless miscast, though that's another issue) is that large portions of the book had been left out. Would I have recognized the difference if I hadn't read the book? I don't know.

My favorite film adaptation of all time is "To Kill a Mockingbird"; here is the case of a book and film each standing on their own, and each outstanding in their own right.

Interesting topic. I could probably go on a lot more about this.
Great points Amy! Going a little further, there are soem things that a movie can show that are so striking that a book could never duplicate it. The sense of "being there" is just so much more easily imparted in a movie. You can impart some things symbolically using words in a book, but the senses of vision and hearing can't be matched. And some emotions are more easily displayed in a movie. Picture the Dude in "The Big Lebowski" as he drinks milk from the container in the oopening scene, or the look on his face and the way he reacts when the wind blows Donny's ashes in his face as Walter releases them.

The more I think about it, the more I feel that books and movies should not be compared at all. A movie based on a really good book can never hope to compare to a movie that is based it, and vice versa.
I also see The lovely bones and I have to admit that this is a very good movie. Movies are always different by the books, that's the reason why I always liked to read the book before and see the movie after and finally to compare them and see the differences. Cazare Sovata