big buts at the train tracks

Jon Henner

Jon Henner
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November 26
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full time father, full time deaf activist, some times writer, most times thinker, all times wandering.

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APRIL 27, 2009 12:59PM

The Uncultured Among Us

Rate: 21 Flag

The equal rights rhetoric on most progressive web sites usually is limited to the problems white women face, with the occasional smattering of race-related dialogue and GLBTQI issues.  (I've written about this before.)  Mama Salon isn’t immune to that sort of narrow journalistic focus, although they seem to do a better job at throwing in the occasional hey-don’t-forget-us piece.  The works of Kate Harding bring attention to the struggles facing white, overweight women, for example, but the more cynical of us lump her works in with problems-white-women-face.

That’s why I was pleasantly surprised to see Elizabeth Svoboda’s piece on the Aspie culture movement on the cover of Mama Salon.  Ms. Svoboda gave a proper shout-out to the Deaf-rights/culture movements that began almost thirty years ago.  I don’t mean to strut my shit (yes, yes I do actually) but the deaf empowerment struggles are the foundation of every current, relevant disability movement happening today.  And, although our battles are far from over, I like to think that we’ve softened the Hearing People enough that Aspie culture has less of a fight ahead of them.

I don’t always hold abled people in high esteem.  Fighting the lot of you, for almost two-decades , just for the most basic of accessibility needs tends, to make even the most Pollyanna of us jaded and bitter.  In my worse moments, I actively detest hearing people and devise all sorts of twisted ways I can get back at them.  Right now, the captioning on many Cox Communications channels is wonky, if not lacking completely.  I envision dangling meat hooks and “enhanced interrogation procedures.”  On my better days, I truly believe that with the right amount of education, the disabled will be treated as equals rather than downtrodden creatures garnering only pity and paternalistic attitudes.

A run-through of the comments on Ms. Svodoba’s piece shows me that, unfortunately, even the most progressive of persons still maintains reactionary opinions on how to approach and treat the members of the disabled community; as if possessing all one’s senses and employing neurotyptical thinking made a person inherently superior.

Following is an excerpt from a comment that Phillyart wrote



Should I have started a "fat culture" movement instead? I am appalled at the idea that anyone would object to a deaf child having implants in order for them to hear. The idea that there should be some kind of "deaf culture" rather than help deaf people to hear is something I can't even fathom.



I like to think that Salon readers are smarter than the average bear, so comments like the one above frustrate me because they contain gross inaccuracies, profound misunderstandings of what entails a culture, and some plain old entitled paternalism.  No, you can’t have your fat culture because possessing the property of being overweight doesn’t meet the criteria for defining a culture.  And, the debate against using cochlear implants was framed twenty years ago, back when implants were only one channel and often failed.

(The deaf community, as a whole, isn’t against cochlear implants per se, but rather their mischaracterization as a panacea for deafness.  Those who are implanted require years of expensive therapy for the implants to be utilized correctly, a fact that for some reason never makes it into those puff pieces on miracle, implanted children who suddenly can sing pitch-perfect Christmas carols).

Another commenter, Aeschylus, writes (excerpted - format botching mine by accident and incompetence)



But this hardline "I'm okay, you're okay" feel-good crap is just nuts. Deaf people (e.g.) aren't differently abled. They are *disabled*. I write this as someone who was born with spina bifida. Trust me -- the tendency to shit and piss oneself involuntarily and in the most embarrassing of circumstances isn't a super power. It's a *handicap*.



Even though I’m a activist for the disabled community, particularly the deaf one, I’ll be the first to admit that I don’t know everything about every disability.  Frequently in my wanderings I meet new people with disabilities and take the time to learn about how they adapt themselves to a rather smug society that generally only cares about macro-oppressive issues, such as gender, race, and sexuality.  I don’t deign to assume that because I’m disabled too, I automatically have an insight on their disability’s mechanisms and psychological needs.

The deaf culture movement has less to do with accepting wholesale brokenness than it has to do with educating the general population with over forty years of hard and soft science on the neurological and sociological differences that exist as a result of what I call a “visuocentric” brain.  I feel about people who deny deaf culture the same way a lot of progressive folk feel about people who reject climate change.  It takes a narrow person to deny decades of research because that research doesn’t fit their particular world view.

(Accepting their “brokenness” is an incredible psychological journey for any disabled person.  Using that as a litmus test for actualization is pretty shallow.  There are days when I want to tell the world that, damn it, I’m not, not, not disabled!  And, then there are days when I feel broken and whaddya-gonna-do-about-it?)

Ms. Svodoba’s piece should be commended for referring the burgeoning Aspie movement, but she seemed to focus more on the debate itself and the discussion about various therapies than the rationale for Aspie culture.  Since I’ve become more-or-less self aware about my deafness and my role in deaf culture, I’ve tracked similar interest pieces on deaf culture.  They’re always very similar to Ms. Svodoba’s piece and I imagine that the writers think themselves similar to Dian Fossey, in the ooh-look-different-people-I-shall-observe-them-and-report vein.  Unfortunately, pieces like that tend to be self-referential and muddy the waters for activists such as myself, while stirring up passions on both sides of the disability culture debate.

Deaf culture’s scientific mojo comes from the language (visual-based – e.g. American Sign Language) and the cultural isolation that arises from having a disability that cuts off most forms of verbal communication.  Aspie culture, the only other valid disability culture, has a more theoretical background that currently can only be hinted at with science. 

Post-modern psychologists argue that the brain’s construction of reality is wholly dependant on how it processes information provided by the environment and the language used to describe it.  If we remove the language aspect of reality construction (another scientific argument for deaf culture), by-the-by, people’s sensory construction of reality tends to be similar, even among those of us with sensory disability.  Aspie brains; however, process sensory information so differently from the average person that their construct of reality cannot be made normative through traditional means, like discourse.  The spoon is not a spoon, you betcha’.

Embracing and exploring Aspie culture gives us new insights on how the brain works and how we create artificial realities in order to maintain our societal systems.  I believe this makes some people uncomfortable because they then have to question how our society is built, and the cultural brainwashing that every individual undertakes during their childhood, just so that they fit in proper society.  Those who simply cannot join proper society because of their disability are a stark reminder of the inherent injustice of our system even though the system encompasses every aspect of our life.

To me, the oppressing are the truly disabled.

 

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Wow. Impassioned writing like this deserves a lot of attention. The last two paragraphs were fantastic.
Jon,
I had a discussion with my students on friday about what constitutes normal. We talked about how at different times in history, behaviour we now label "psychotic" was seen as touched by God, or in certain Native American tribes, being gay or hermaphrodite was a gift. I was trying to get my students to understand that "normal" is some kind of narrative that we agree to, and that when we fall outside of "normal," shit happens. Thanks for this. I know I'm one of those people who frequently speak as a white, lower-class woman, but that's where I am. It doesn't mean that I'm not aware that we are constantly trying to stick people in the "normal" box who don't and shouldn't want to be put there. Great writing.
I would also think that the implants are not a wholesale solution for the varying causes of deafness. Deafness is not something that a deaf person can control like one can control their weight. I'm sure you wish it was - you made me think about the importance of being more sensitive. thanks.
I went to rate this and it went from 0 to 6 in one click! Well done. Please keep expressing yourself, or we'll never get educated.
What I started to write sounded a bit condescending, so I'll just say that I found this post interesting.
Jon,

You wrote:

Post-modern psychologists argue that the brain’s construction of reality is wholly dependant on how it processes information provided by the environment and the language used to describe it. If we remove the language aspect of reality construction (another scientific argument for deaf culture), by-the-by, people’s sensory construction of reality tends to be similar, even among those of us with sensory disability. Aspie brains; however, process sensory information so differently from the average person that their construct of reality cannot be made normative through traditional means, like discourse. The spoon is not a spoon, you betcha’.

Am I misreading you, or are you implying that there can be no Aspie sub-"culture" absent an autistic capacity to understand discourse in some standardized way? I think that's probaably the case, but I hold open the possibility that electonic-enabled communication might provide a means of standardized discourse for at least some autistics, as Svoboda's piece suggests. Also check this out this: http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/28/the-language-of-autism/?scp=8&sq=autism%20box&st=cse

Even without the capacity to understand discourse in some standardized way, and hence no real Aspie "culture" movement, we should not attempt to normalize autistic behaviors that are different but cause no harm (like stimming), and I think that's where the existence of the deaf culture movement provides a powerful reminder that accommodation of such differences can often far easier be provided that insisting on removal of such differences.

BTW, did you see the Hallmark TV movie on deaf culture with Marlee Matlin. It aired about a year ago. I began watching it under duress but quickly became absored -- it's a great movie, even if the ending was schmalty and forced.
This is interesting. I hope I'm not being weird by discussing this but there is a deaf contestant on the Amazing Race this year who does better in some foreign countries where others don't speak the language. This because he can sign with others who are deaf or who know signing regardless of language. I never realized that about signing before and if it is true then it is cool that it is an international language. It that true?
I'm beginning to think, among other things, that we need to introduce into the curriculum, to all children, the study of sign language and for other languages as well, beginning in preschool and then, ultimately, sooner as parents catch up. Because language is so fundamental to understanding in any way, it really should just be the norm to teach it at all levels.

Will that happen? Doubt it. People hate difference and do everything they can to squash even their own differences. Hideous but true. There is, of course, a belief, not so secret, that anyone in possession of all his or her senses (so to speak) has the right of way.

A good discussion, Jon.

One more thing--as someone with crappy hearing who keeps her closed captioning on--forget about it--about a quarter of what is said doesn't make it to the captioning and written correctly (including spelled correctly?) haha!

No. It's pretty badly done. Whoever is in charge of that needs to be either fired or managed a bit differently.
Interesting post, and lots of food for thought. As someone who is both "neurotypical" (I'm not really a fan of that term, but whatever) and able to hear and not really disabled or "differently abled" in any way, I don't feel especially qualified to comment. That said, I agree with you that the state of closed captioning today sucks balls. Misspellings, and they censor out the swear words much of the time. (Trying to watch Reno 911! with closed captioning=LAME.) I was waiting for a doctor appointment the other day, and Star Wars was playing in the waiting room. It got to a fight scene, and the caption read, "Audible struggle. Menacing music." Awesome. That really helps. Just rub it in, why don't you?

Regarding Odette's idea to teach sign language to all kids starting in preschool--that would be sweet, but given the state of early childhood ed today, especially for poor kids, it ain't gonna happen anytime soon and, frankly, it shouldn't: we need to figure out basic stuff like social skills, letters, colors, shapes, etc. for ALL kids before we introduce things like sign language. Ideally, of course, both would happen (fat chance). Many preschool and elementary schools in my area teach sign language, but the instruction is limited--the alphabet and basic nouns. Sign language instruction is the same as pretty much every academic "extra"--if you live in a good school district, you'll be exposed, if not, too bad.
Lorraine: Most of us speak from where we are. The brain filters out information not pertinent to it. So, people don’t usually perceive other people’s perspectives and needs unless it impacts them directly. Even for those of us who make a conscious effort to realize the other side, so to speak, have to fight against our cultural brainwashing. Many, many, many times I’ve made a comment only to stop and wonder if what I just said was degrading to women. I can’t help that I grew up in the patriarchy but at least I recognize that my thinking is corrupted by it.

Incandescent: I’ve been thinking a bit about narcolepsy lately. It’s one of those disabilities that really don’t make it into the disability discourses that I’m privy to, probably because the incidence rate is lower than even deafness. But, I’m wondering if there’s some sort of federally or state funded transportation budget for narcoleptics and other people whose disability hinders their ability to get around. If there isn’t, there ought to be.

ChicagoLawyer78: It looks like we had a bit of a miscommunication problem here. The Aspie culture exists because their understanding of reality is fundamentally different than the neurotyptical one. While technological innovation may bring Aspies into the general discourse, they may still maintain a separate cultural identity, much like many oral and/or cochlear implanted deaf individuals still identify with deaf culture. The Aspie cultural movement is very much real.

Note I didn’t call Aspies a sub-culture. In my view, a sub-culture is more of a lifestyle choice rather than a happenstance of fate, for lack of a better term.

As for Marlee Matlin, I tend to avoid her when possible. She’s become the de-facto elected face of deafness for many hearing people. I prefer someone more…articulate.

Dorinda: ASL isn’t quite an international signed language, any more than English is. Many countries teach English in their curricula because much of the world is dominated by American/English culture. Much the same, a lot of the deaf world is dominated by Deaf American culture because America has been one of the world leaders in Deaf Education. There exists a truly international signed language, Gestuno, but its popularity is on the level of Esperanto. Each culture typically has its own parallel-signed language. Linguistic nerds should check out the Wiki entry on Nicaraguan Sign Language for some truly awesome information.

Odette: One interesting thing about the baby sign movement is that often, deaf children are excluded from it for fear of corrupting their ability to learn verbal language. If you ask me, it’s completely twisted that teaching hearing babies sign is an accepted fad, but teaching deaf babies sign is considered taboo.

If you ever find out who’s in charge of media accessibility, let me know. My punching bag is worn out by now and I need a new one.

Jessabelle: I think Neurotyptical is a great term. People tend to label those with disabilities using degrading terms. DIS-abled. Hearing IMPAIRED. Mentally RETARDED. What’s so wrong about sticking so-called normal people with a label that possibly makes them uncomfortable?
As an amateur student of cultural anthropology, semiotics, and cognitive neuroscience, I was very pleased to read about the Aspie culture. Thank you!

I was especially directed by your last two paragraphs.

In closing, I think the use of the term neurotypical is appropriate. As a semiotic sign, it designates a real phenomena, and thus is useful for communication.
I rated this because it provokes a lot of thought. I felt that Svoboda's piece conflated people with Aspereger's with people with Autism who are far more handicapped. Aspies and very high-functioning Austists are the only people articulate enough to speak, but are they speaking for the inarticulate? Would the deaf or partially deaf people who have mastered speech be good representatives of the whole deaf community?

I firmly believe part of being a member of society is learning the rules and developing the self control to follow them. I mean the minimum rules, not Emily Post. Stimming is something an autistic individual can learn to control. They can learn what is and what is not an appropriate place to stim. I think that teaching kids whose brains are wired a different way how to cope with the real world is good for them. I hated the movie The Rainman because Raymond goes back to his institution where he is "safe" and never has to confront a world where the stoplight says "don't walk" before he's finished crossing the street.

In the 70s, there was a movement to say the world was crazy and maybe the crazies (schizophrenics) were sane and the rest were not. It infuriated the relatives of schizophrenics who went off their meds, off their minds and wandered around homeless listening only to the voices in their heads.

People have an instinctive reaction to others who clearly demonstrate a lack of self-control. To expect that to change is wishfult
I am definitely in a "shut the fuck up and listen" stage in my understanding of abledness, and have nothing to contribute. Thank you for writing this Jon. The writing was excellent.

Rated.
great post. My mother, the hearing audiologist, has spent her career using sign language and interacting at the edge of deaf culture. She's no huge advocate for cochlear implants--something that always takes a while to explain. People are just ignorant.
Your last line is tremendously strong: "to me, the oppressing are the truly disabled." It's true on many levels. I wish I had something insightful to say about the content - but in my opinion, you hit the nail on the head. I hope to incorporate your vision (the better days vision) into my world view as well. Well written, and justly addressed. Thanks, John.
Jon,

I love the quality of your writing here. When I lived in Seattle I worked in social services and had the privilege of working with two women (both of whom happened to be white) who were deaf and to go to events with them in the local community. I loved it.

But I'm surprised that you seem to see progressive websites as being not interested in the issues you're writing about. Maybe I shouldn't be surprised though, since there are issues that I feel they ignore as well (relating to poverty and actually I think a lot of progressive websites are snooty about fat issues even though there is a statistical link between poverty and weight. I see this as a class discrimination issue.)

Thanks for writing about the theory of the brain though. This does add something to the definition of what culture is and why we should value languages that are not our own.
dolores: Thanks for reading and commenting. My beef with progressive websites is their volume of inaccessible media. Very few people seem to give a damn that un-captioned streaming video and un-transcribed podcasts are oppressive to people like myself.

Still, streaming video services like iTunes, Hulu, Youtube, Google Videos get a free pass from many progressives. I've been in many battles with various progressive media groups about their inaccessible media and sadly, have not won many.
That's a good point about the inaccessible media streaming. I'm with you on that. Is it something that is at least in the works? This can only grow more important as people rely more and more on web media. Thanks for helping me to consider this and to put a word in where I can.
You're.....really rather superb, aren't you?