MARCH 6, 2009 11:18PM

Harvey Milk, Jim Jones and the Tidying Up of History

Rate: 11 Flag

So, I finally got to see "Milk," took awhile to get to our small town, just ahead of the DVD issue.  Enjoyed the movie, some touching moments.  (Diego Luna is a bad, bad boy though -- trying to steal all those scenes from Sean Penn.  Or maybe I just have a preference for watching Diego Luna.)

But afterward I'm wondering why I don't remember these assassinations more clearly.  I remember most of the other ones of the last 50 years.  Certainly in part because at the time the focus was more on the death of George Moscone; he was a shining liberal hope, and indeed, he might have gone far and brought important changes to this country.  Milk's importance is clearer in retrospect.

 So I poke around a bit.   Here's a little history lesson, in case you've forgotten or never knew:

Jim Jones and the Peoples Temple was by any standard a cult.  It was also a "rainbow family" before it was fashionable, or even very safe.  Jones and his people took care of the poor and the hurting and the vulnerable in all sorts of ways, including food, housing and helping to get access to social services.   They were also extremely active politically; they raised money, they doorbelled, they got out the vote.  They were instrumental in getting George Moscone elected Mayor of San Francisco in 1975, and in getting the voting rules changed in the ways that allowed Milk to be elected Supervisor in 1977.  After Moscone's victory, he appointed Jones to the Chairmanship of the San Francisco Housing Authority Commission.

Things started to go bad for Jones, more and more reports of coercion and other disturbing activities in Temple groups; he purchased land in Guyana and started talking about moving to Paradise.  In 1977 demands for investigation grew, and Jones moved to Guyana.  Moscone refused to allow any internal investigation of the Housing Commission, and Milk wrote a letter to President Carter praising Jones and calling his detractors liars.

November 17, 1978 U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan, members of his staff and a number of journalists flew to Jonestown and interviewed people there.  Several asked to leave with Ryan, and he agreed.  On November 18, as the party was preparing to board a small plane on a jungle strip, members of the Temple opened fire, killing Congressman Ryan and four other people.  The plane took off, leaving several wounded behind.

Remember:  this was before cell phones, or the internet.  News was significantly slower, especially from distant locations.  When the plane landed, a party was sent back, but it took time.  By the time Guyanese authorities reached Jonestown, over 900 people were dead, mostly suicides by poison.  The first issue was to deal with the huge number of bodies in a tropical climate; understanding what happened and why -- or at least as much understanding as we're likely to get -- took months.

Moscone and Milk were shot on November 27, 1978.  Nine days after Ryan was shot.  That's why I don't remember their deaths very clearly.  The media was completely dominated by the news from Jonestown, the unbelievable pictures of all those bodies, all those children, those vats of cyanide-laced koolaid, the sheer stunning surprise and horror of it.

And I'm sure that Jonestown dominated the talk at City Hall.  They knew those people,  they'd worked together on public issues.  Did the sheer barbarity and scope of the deaths help trigger something in Dan White?  Who knows?  But Jonestown has to have been the main topic of conversation the last week of Harvey Milk's life. There's not a hint of it in the movie.

Do I think it should have been in the movie?  I don't know.  Would it have made the movie stronger, or weaker?  I don't know.  I think it would have made the movie truer to who Harvey Milk was, and I think therefore more powerful, but it would have weakened the primary "first openly gay politician" message.  It was the filmmakers' choice.  But at least I figured out why Moscone and Milk's deaths hadn't loomed as large in my personal history.

Coda:  I think "1984" is one of the most powerful, and most important, books of the 20th century.  The image of Big Brother Watching You is the message people usually take from the book, and god knows the technology for Big Brother has only gotten better and better.  But I think the core idea is the manipulating of the thinking process of a group or an individual.  Partly by the degradation of language -- IMHO a double plus bad.  And partly by the rewriting of history to make us more comfortable.  People have always done that, of course.  But there seems less struggle against it today, and less attention paid.

I've told my husband I'd like this on my tombstone:  "She still remembered when we weren't at war with Oceania." 

 

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kestral, were you living in san francisco at the time of the assasinations? I always think its interesting the way we remember things, which things we put together in our memories. I never would have associated jim jones with milk, but then I didn't frankly know who milk was until i moved to san francisco...(and we watched part of milk being filmed...i think the request was for people to show up wearing clothing without logos...they filmed near market one night...)
No, dolores, I moved to San Francisco the winter before the Summer of Love, and moved back to Seattle in 1970. But I always keep on eye on news from places I used to live. (I'm sure if I'd been there in '78 I'd have remembered more about the assassinations.)
"People have always done that, of course. But there seems less struggle against it today, and less attention paid."

Great insight. Do you think we're just lazier today? Did bio-epics in the 1960's or 1970's pay more attention to historical detail?

Just wondering.
was Congressman Ryan a Republican or a Democrat? not that it matters I guess.
I was living in S.F. at the time of the assasinations. Jim Jones had full and total support of the entire SF political machine - he was even given an award before he moved to Jonestown. They loved him!
Yes Milk called his detractors liars. What an awesome guy! rated.
I'm buying and reading again a copy of "1984", I believe we're living in those times now. On my tombstone will be: "I told you I was sick."
Lena, I think bio-epics of the '60s and '70s were pretty much historical-detail-free, but I don't think anybody thought they were anything other than candy-colored entertainment. I think a lot of people think that "Milk" is basically a documentary.

Princessy, Ryan was a Democrat. Since Jones supported Dems, and liberal ones at that, I don't expect that a Republican would have been as concerned about what was happening to the people in Jonestown; at least not enough to lead a formal investigation.

Deborah, "I told you I was sick" has always been my one of my favorite epitaphs.
Interesting. Of course I'm familiar with the stories, but I've never put them chronologically together like that--a bit before my time, I was 3 when these events took place.
As to you question "Do I think it should have been in the movie? I don't know. Would it have made the movie stronger, or weaker?" I think that on a purely narrative/storytelling basis, the Jones killings would have made "Milk" weaker (would have introduced a late subplot, and potentially dragged down the third act of the film).

That being said, I think the connections between Moscone, Milk, and Jones would make a fantastic documentary all on its own.
I was living near San Francisco when Moscone and Milk were killed. I remember almost equal coverage of the assassinations, but the emphasis seemed to be on Milk.
As to Jonestown, a close friend is writing what will be the definitive history of it. And you're right--Jonestown started out as a racially-equal utopia.
I remember the assassination of Milk and Moscone, but did not remember how closely tied chronologically those killings were to the Jonestown tragedy. Nor did I realize Jones had the political relationship with Milk, Moscone, et.al. Very insightful to put these two consequential events into context.

I can understand the filmmakers' wish not to "muddy" the message of their movie, and to add the Jones element might have made the film too lengthy for commercial success, not to mention too morally complex. The producers, after all, want to make money. it sounds like fodder for an in depth documentary or book (if such has not been written yet).

Great post, and thanks!
OMG, I'm glad it started out as a racially equal utopia - though I'm sure the survivors would disagree. Why are there always, always apologists for genocidal maniacs? For Hitler, "the trains ran on time." Stalin, Mussolini, etc. always someone to point out the good they did while they were killing human beings. Life is the most important thing; "utopia's" always seem to end in death, why is that? There's a whole blog there if anyone wants to tackle it.
I haven't seen Milk, I only finally broke down and rented Brokeback Mountain last week. I am extremely uncomfortable with male homosexuality, and think that in general, there is entirely too much focus on sex of all kinds in the movies.

For the record, it's hard for me to "like" anything with Sean Penn, because he's one of those people I have never met that I have an inexplicable dislike for. I grudgingly admit that he is a good actor, though, and admire him for choosing difficult roles as an unsavory character such as he played in The Assassination of Richard Nixon and Dead Man Walking.

Your point, however, is well-taken, especially in a culture where the movie version of reality too often becomes the perceived reality of the culture. Oliver Stone's JFK may well be the worst of this breed. I suppose we could cut Milk, et al, a little slack since sociopaths like Jim Jones are by definition adepts at deception. Still, I think the timing of the two events necessitated some mention of them in the film.
MJ: The more I think about it, the more I think it would have added deeply tragic irony to the movie. But whether that would have made a better movie -- well, a different one, for sure. I think it's hard to think clearly about Jones and all the people who believed in him because of the horror of the end. Deeply disturbing, after all these years.
fingerlake: I think the equal coverage of the two stories was only in the Bay Area. Everywhere else was focused on Guyana. Good luck to your friend, although I don't know that I'll feel strong enough to read it.
procopius: Thanks for the kind words. Approval of a history-based post coming from you means a lot!
deborah: I don't think anyone is trying to make apologies for Jim Jones. For one thing, he wasn't killing people and doing good things at the same time. He started doing good things and then went crazy -- not to put too fine a point on it. And although it's true that "utopias always end in death" remember: so do fascist hell holes.
tom: "the movie version of reality too often becomes the perceived reality of the culture." Boy, do I agree with you about that! Well put. (although I should probably add that I liked "JFK".)
Great question you ask here, and clearly one much larger than the movie. As a history teacher, this is particularly important to me. I try to include all that which has been left out of our history books to make us comfortable. I tell my students that if I only teach what makes them comfortable than I'm teaching propaganda, not history. However, I admit, after reading your post you have me thinking it's not always that black and white. In a study of JFK in the Cold War, is it important that I include his marital affairs? Since we MUST discriminate a little when telling history (only because it is so expansive) how do we choose what to discriminate without giving away our bias. I don't think we can. Therefore, maybe we just admit our intent and bias upfront, since we can't escape it anyway, and always try to be at least less bias. It is a really interesting topic...thanks for bringing it up.
It took forever for Milk to be released here in Michigan, too.

I didn't even know Congressman Ryan and Harvey even knew each other. Thanks for the information :)

Btw: great job incorporating 1984 into your blog, such a good book and well-placed here.
I came across this blog while doing research on Jonestown. I am a high school teacher, and my kids do research on assassinations in conjunction with reading Julius Caesar. They are always fascinated by the Jonestown story. I have been toying with the idea of a historical fiction novel aimed at teen readers. Anyway, my point is that I have always been a "fan" of Harvey Milk, saw the documentary years ago. When I saw Milk I felt like it was a fairly good, albeit whitewashed portrayal...as all these biopics tend to be. Never made the connection to Jonestown...extremely interesting, and a reminder again to dig deeper into the story than what is portrayed or lionized in the media.