On MLK’s Birthday: Reflecting on Racism Now, Racism Then

There has been jarring rhetoric in the last week: shocking racist comments about the Haiti crisis by Pat Robertson and Rush Limbaugh; the archaic usages of race and color of Senator Harry Reid. Today, on the eighty-first birthday of Martin Luther King, I’m thinking about my early years, shaped in Florida, Georgia and Texas throughout a period of racial upheaval.
I sometimes stood shoulder to shoulder with meaningful people I have referred to in my lifetime as “colored,” then “negro,” then “black,” now “African-American” -- connotative acknowledgment in those words of the evolving social changes in our country, despite the occasional throwbacks.
My late husband Chaim Stern told of his experiences as a Freedom Rider, traveling to the deep South in 1964 to test civil liberties and discrimination. He sat at Mississippi lunch counters and was part of “Freedom Summer” along with thousands of others, including the martyred activists Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney.

newamericandream.net
My experiences were less dangerous, but as a young person growing up in the south, I felt a tiny part of an historical movement gathering strength, decade by decade. Among my indelible early remembrances during this time of racial divide:
--- Sitting on my unabashedly liberal, German-born grandmother’s lap in the cab of Johnny the gardener’s pickup truck in Miami in the early 1950s, the smell of fertilizer around us. He talks wearily as the neighbors stare at us from their jalousied windows. I may be a child, but I remember the pain in that man’s lined face.
-- Drinking from the “colored” fountain at Rexall’s drugstore. Maybe I was six, and I was surprised to find that the water tasted the same as the water from the “whites only” fountain.

--Walking, pigtailed and deliberate in the 1950s to the very back of the K bus in Miami, with head-turns from the whites in the front, weary smiles from the hotel maids and busboys and decent, darker-skinned people I march toward. I wanted to join the folks in the back of the bus even as Rosa Parks defiantly sat in the front of a bus in Alabama.
-- Leading an orientation group of black students integrating the University of Florida in the early ‘60s, and getting heckled with racial epithets.
-- Teaching, then tutoring, the first black teens at Marietta High School, in Georgia, a formerly segregated high school, in 1966. Realizing that the struggling black students’ previous science textbooks at Lemon Street School were published twenty years earlier, and it was almost impossible for them to catch up.
-- Befriending the only black teacher at Marietta High, a lovely woman who had been secretary to Gone With the Wind author, Margaret Mitchell. She warns me to consider the consequences of having lunch with her, but we break bread without incident.
-- Working with community organizers to integrate my white-flight neighborhood in south Atlanta, in 1967. We purposely rent a house in this area and attend a formal tea at the home of neighbors, Dr. and Mrs. Benjamin Mayes. He was the renowned and beloved president of Morehouse College, where Martin Luther King, Jr. had studied.

Benjamin Mayes, avenuestosuccess.com
-- Volunteering for Andrew Young, (later to become the mayor of Atlanta), and other civil rights activists who worked alongside King. These exceptional people are still ostracized by many white neighbors in the area.
-- Feeling despair the next year when I watch that balcony scene in Memphis on a black and white TV, and the smoldering riots it ignited. My husband, at officers-training at Ft. Sam Houston in San Antonio, was to ship off to Vietnam, leaving me at home for a year with our infant son. My husband tells me that almost all of the drafted soldiers he will be administrating will be black.
**

Forty-seven years after King’s great speech at the Lincoln Memorial, forty two years after his death, a black man holds the highest office in the land, and King’s birthday is celebrated as a national holiday. In the span of my lifetime, the great civil rights leader’s dream of an America where his children “will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character” has just about come true.
Yet despite all the gains, listening to reports on the devastation in Haiti, and some of the racist comments from wingnuts and their followers, I’m aware that Reverend Martin Luther King Jr’s struggle against racism and bigotry is never finished –even as we celebrate him on Monday.


Salon.com
Comments
Thank you so much for this wonderfully penetrating and insightful glimpse into the last many years through your eyes and heart.
Nothing honors the memory of Dr. King more than those who consistently point out that we still have far to go.
The voices of intolerance and injustice may cry loudly but I believe love never fails. When people like yourself open their hearts to share the longing for equality and genuine humanity to prevail, while shining a light on racist influences in our world, I have no doubt that good will win the day.
Thank you for this deeply moving piece.
Rated and appreciated.
Can you tell me where he's gone?
He freed a lot of people, but the good they die young.
I just looked around and he's gone."
There is so much I want to say here, Lea, about your courage and Chaim's and that of everyone else who stood for decency and equality and honour back in the day. But I'd pretty much have to do another post, so I'll just say this:
It was people like you who changed things, grassroots and bottom up to top. Yeah, the reactionaries are still out there -- their kind of evil will never entirely go away and the fight goes on -- but as long as there are those (and there are) still willing to put it all out on the line, they can't succeed.
It is nice to know there are some decent people, here in Florida! On that note, did you notice the absence of any mention of what today is here? At least locally, there was nothing.
Pilgrim, yes the Freedom Riders risked death because the movement was so right.
Leonde, lack of leadership in politics has been obvious in the Republican party especially, and there are few grass roots leaders who can capture the idealism that is within us. Obama? Too cool, and yet as president he is the de facto leader of the world.
Dennis, yes many years and many memories. These are just snapshots of years in the south. Blacks and whites worked together in this cause, and the mood and the music and the cause were exciting.
Boa, there are always people who will respond, but if leadership is missing the potential response is wasted. For the last years we've had few idealistic, charismatic leaders. Limbaugh and Beck are examples of the opposite kind. We hope for it in Obama.
Kenny, the official celebration is on Monday. Maybe then.
Clark, welcome to the world of OS, where you can find laughs, tears and everything in-between.
femme, yes today racism is more nuanced. No one had to bother about that in the middle of the last century.
MrsRaptor, some things have changed, I think, big time. We have elected a black president for one thing and when I was growing up that same man would not have been able to sit in the front of a bus. However, racism remains. And we see it all the time and we have to call it out.
Thirty four years ago, while on our honeymoon, my husband and I stopped for gas in Yamassee, South Carolina. As we came off the I-95 exit, we were pulled over by state troopers with sawed off shotguns. My husband freaked and, in his attempt to turn off the radio so he could speak to the trooper, he kept turning the cigarette lighter. Eventually, the trooper said, "Calm down, sir. Where are you headed?" "Just looking for a gas station," Mike replied. "No problem," the trooper continued while pointing to a group of black men who were lined up at the side of the road with their hands over their heads. "We gonna get these darkies. You have a nice day now."
Mike and I pulled away and drove a little further up the road. We were so in shock we could not speak. Seeing a gas station, we pulled in. Mike opened the car door and stepped out. Immediately we heard, "Hey, Jersey (our license plates). What you want here?"
A black man was approaching from the mechanics bay and, I'm ashamed to say, we got scared. After what we had just seen, we thought retaliation might be on his mind. Instead, he turned out to be a former Jersey-ite himself, and we spent the next few minutes chatting about our home state. When we left, he told us where the speed traps were and the fastest way back to the 95.
If I never see Yamassee again, it will be too soon, but I was glad to have met a man unscarred by the racism he had been dealing with on a daily basis.
R
Donna, terrific ancdote and so, so telling. "arkies" is not a term I heard. I did hear the N word. Alot.
I think the deep south still has a long way to go, based on many of the politicians speaking up there.
People may die, but it takes more than hate to kill a dream. Dreams die hard. Doctor King's dream is one that we must always keep alive.
Rated. A very touching tribute for a man who touched so many.
"In the span of my lifetime, the great civil rights leader’s dream of an America where his children “will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character” has just about come true."
A wishful take on the times we're in.
But I applaud your background of activism and unwavering belief that MLK's dream can come true.
Thank you for the essay.
Your stories are always incredible, but I especially like how you bring to life the terrible conflict of that time, with such lovely snippets of bravery and love intertwined.
Things are not perfect nowadays by a long shot. Things are better.
First I was way down on the list of kids, so dad was older that most of my friends dad. But in the dining room was a Nigger Knocker autographed by Gov. Maddox himself. When I was young, the only black person in the house was the maid.
As I grew older the black employees started to come by, then come in, then stay for dinner. By the time I went to college nobody cared what race you were. You were you. A couple of us kids even dated some black people.
The Nigger Knocker stayed around. Why? As a reminder of where things were compared to where the had gotten to. By the time dad died, nobody knows where it went.
In my south the only people who have race issues are those who always want to make something of it be they black or white.
Bill, the KKK and other groups espoused violence. Limbaugh sounds closest to that today. He just can't be as blatant.
alsoknownas, I wrote "just about." We have a black president, black leaders, black beauty winners --those were impossible to consider when I was a child. Racism remains, but King's dream is closer.
Alison, those working for civil rights were from across the board. It was exciting to meet so many different types of people, believing in a cause.
Nikki, much appreciated.
:-)
Lovely.
I grew up in Tennessee and listened to my father and grandfather talk about the "niggers" they worked with. After our school was desegregated I was begged by my mother to hide my friendship with the "colored" girls from my father. I wonder now what they would say if they could see my beautiful, wonderful mixed race grandson.
I'm so glad you had the honor of visiting with Benjamin Mayes.
We still have miles to go...
Had to do it. "Let freedom ring..." is loudly playing on YouTube as I write this. Thank you, Lea.
sixtycandles, boy do I remember "segregation." Today that is gone, officially. We tend to choose friends of similar interests but no signs. It rears it's head now and then, but is knocked down pretty fast.
catnlion, I was living in Atlanta when Lester Maddox and his sticks and hatchets were around. That was horrific. Nice to hear of the changes in your southern house, but there are still pockets of racism throughout the country.
Chicago Guy, Roy, and spotted mind, thanks and amen.
ablonde, yes it was exciting. You get it. It must have been the same feeling that our soldiers in WW2 felt--we were on the "right" side (not the right wing). Nothing like it today, except maybe gay rights.
however, we must not get stuck in the 60's thinking nothing has changed
a lot of people still functi0n and talk as though the racial situation is exactly the same
that makes them reactionaries, yes there are now many liberal reactionaries
the past is much easier to deal with than messy, far more difficult and uncertain reality
Sharon, I didn't include the "n" word as one I used, because I didn't. Some friends would go "Eine, meenie, miney mo, Catch a nigger by the toe." I learned it as "tiger" by the toe. And there was another term, "schwarze" (probably misspelled). That's the Yiddish term for black, and it was a demeaning term that well-off people often used in Miami Beach to refer to their maids. It always offended me, and I never used that term either. I was offended that Jews who had just realized about the holocaust could be so insensitive to others.
mypsche, patience is the key to most movements. As I mentioned earlier, health care for all is a goal, but it will take many years to achieve it. We must at least pass a bill to improve our awful system, and then work to improve it and fight to keep it.
Ann, we should never give up.
Bonnie, I think younger people don't care much about race, except for some wingnuts. But some older people still retain the racist beliefs they were brought up with.
Kathy, Barack Obama's election means so very much to so many who fought the fight. Of course things are better now. But bigotry lies below the surface when people are ignorant and afraid.
Zyskander, I am honored to receive your magnificent poem. Was it written previously? It is moving and wonderful!
I viewed most of this from a comfy distance as a child. Found it interesting that the KKK jokes found their way into my community even though there were no blacks here. As an adult I spent a year working on Louisiana. It was quite a culture shock.
King's speech still gives me goosebumps, though it's sad we still struggle with many of the same issues. I try to see the positive. Imagine our country today had you and Chaim and the others not broken the apartheid which existed at the time.
Thank you for the work you've done. This is a passionate post.
Z, Yiddish is a dialect of German. Most of the people who used that term were using it as slang -- a Yiddishism. There was a pejorative connotation.
L&P. so true.
Jim, yes the good news is that only the Becks and Limbaughs talk like that, and their dittohead followers. It is out of style to be blatantly racist or antisemitic.
Gwendolyn, I was there and I was all over the place. I've lived many lives.
BOKO, interesting point. But I keep coming back to the fact that we have a black president. And mixed marriages. And all that. So in the major ways we've come far from when I was a child.
Thanks, Caroline.
Baby steps....
R
Deborah, screwy is a nice way to put it.
Brie, MILK. As in MLK? Funny, I guess, but frightening too.
Thanks, Fusan. We made it through.
worst kept secret, didn't know it was a secret. So now you know.
grif, step by step. I have learned patience from taking part in this movement.
This past year a White woman apologized to me for her family owning slaves. Her father was a doctor in Alabama. I nodded and pretended it was okay because that is what you do when some one tells you something like that. It was not ok but what was there for me to do. (shrug)
And what most Whites don't grasp is that our ancesters came over here in bondage not through Ellis Island as so many Americans are proud of. We are composites of our ancesters, we heard and know so many of the stories of brutality, death and or having to sneak out of town to avoid lynching. Whites heard their own stories. The constitution was not written to include Black people period.
Every right attained was legislated by the government for Blacks. But we have made some inroads including a Black President. And yes we have evolved with what we are called and probably will continue as the races mix.
We stand on the shoulders of leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. His leadership and efforts made inroads for Blacks, White women, Hispanics and other minorities whose rights were suppressed.
A facebook friend wrote i felt was an appropriate response: Robertson and Limbaugh both said some pretty disgusting things, yes. But if you fight against their right to free speech and win, can you guess whose right(s) will be taken next? rated~
Steve, if you had grown up in that era I have no doubt you would have responded as I did and as so many others did.
Those of us who remember how far we have come, also easily recognize the depth of racial bigotry, whenever it rears it's ugly head...no matter how veiled with political platitudes and "religious," certitude.
I was raised in a Midwestern household, where my dad's neighborhood friends from childhood were in and out, regularly sharing meals and T.V. dinners, talking about the "old days," while all of us kids played, whispered secrets and giggled together. I honestly took no note of ethnic differences. These were Daddy's buddies and wives and new lids for me to play with....and adults and children alike, were easy and affectionate with one another.
I also remember being SHOCKED, in the late 50's, when a girlfriend visited relatives in the South, then related stories of segregated water-fountains and bathroom faccilities, "Men," Women," and "Colored's." It was a foreign concept to me, and completely appaling.
Happy Birthday, Dr. King. We getting closer to your mountaintop...we just need to navigate and eradicate the remaining boulders.
-rated-
But we do have two MLK parades. One is called the "Original". The other one came about when one of the Original Parade guys got a permit for the parade one year, but decided to start his own parade.
Oi vey.
It especially pains me when I'm faced with the prejudice from people of my parent's generation. I never know what to say. I'm not comfortable keeping quiet, but these are old folks; they aren't likey to change their minds. They could intimately know a hundred Hokes from Driving Miss Daisy and they'd still forswear the idea that "them negroes" are an equal people.
P, you like it. You *really* like it. Many thanks for the kind words and for feeling the memories.
skel, let's just say civil rights are meted our rather begrudgingly in some pockets. The rest of us have to be vigilent.
bellwether, I think you're right that it's hard to change older people's minds much. I too kept my mouth shut too many times listening to the rants of elders. I just didn't agree and let my silence and actions speak for themselves.
So glad you came by, and welcome, welcome to OS.
I am running out of things to think.
There are new birdsongs each day.
Soon we can walk down Love Lane.
Soon it'll be Springtime. Lea Lane.
Yesterday was my daughters b-day.
I'll send this to my` Dear Christine.
She tossed me the `Flower bouquet.
I Still anticipate strolls into swamps.
Why can't politico's emulate M.L.K.?
My family lived in Ft Worth, but would spend a few weeks each summer visiting my grandparents. Since my parents were divorced the real racist element of the family (my father) did not have an influence on attitude towards blacks so the N word was never used in the house, my mother for her generation was liberal by 50s and 60s standards and did not teach us to hate any group based on race or religion. My grandparents although by today's standards would be racist in the 50s and 60s were considered liberal. They has a house cleaner and handyman (both black) who they paid higher wages to and provided down payments for homes and even money for surgeries when needed. The never used the N word or treated anyone with disrespect and they lived in the heart of Mississippi. That was the type of family I grew up with.
Now my father on the other hand was an aggressive racist and displayed outward hatred for blacks. When we would visit him it was a real shock to what we had been taught by my mother. He was a mean racist and would go out of his way to degrade blacks. He represented what was wrong with the South. My father was what most people considered the typical southerner, but in reality he was part of the small minority that controlled the attitude of the racism in the south.
It was not that southerners were more racist than the north they were just less sneaky about it. The north did not have that very vocal and aggressive group. When my family moved to Ohio I found just as much racism, but it was less outward and sneaker. They may have not had white only signs, but the division of the races was just as prevalent. Segregation was obtained by means of economics.
The only way to end racism is by economic equality. Race barriers break down once the social economic barriers do. People group together based on education, economics which create like lifestyles. When these things are the same skin color becomes less and less of a factor.
Melissa, sounds like you have special children, sensitive to the world around them.
M Todd, a wonderful comment. You have a truly interesting background between your differing parents and your deep south grandparents. It's rarely black or white when it comes to blacks and whites.
Steve, the danger element of lynchings and KKK murders are past, but danger lurks below the surface, especially when drinking, drugs and guns get involved.
And the racial comments from the supposed righteous about Haiti? Talk about knocking a people when they're down ...
Thank you for this, Lea, we all need to be reminded, over and over, that for many others, it's never over.
Sally, thanks for your support, as usual. You do write the kindest comments.
Lisa, when I was young in the south, that's the way fountains were --colored and white. I didn't realize people could drink out of either.
Sister, it may take a while. Keep the faith.
So sad.
Anyway, I admire your activism and this post.
Rated
Joan and Mrs. Dalloway, thanks. And I too admired my husband's participation. He rarely talked about it, but as a well-known man in his field, he often influenced others to fight for good causes.
Frogtown Diva, I'm so delighted that you understood the feelings in my participation. I didn't walk in your shoes, but I tried to walk beside you. These giants of the 60s movement sacrificed so that gains were made. I cannot imagine what King would have felt to see our president.
Excellent post.
Monte
Lucy
Lucy, that last line is just great. I shall use it often.
Unfortunately, not rare enough. My brother moved to Louisiana about ten years ago and is constantly startled by the antagonism toward Obama. People may not use "those words" any more, but bigotry is still there, just more subtle.
As if I needed more reason to love you and what you say. You write about travel and life like a friend from way back, an observant eye, attentive to the worthwhile who and what. You make me appreciate your privilege without jealousy, because something ineffably sweet comes thru; such lively joi de vivre, to commit a redundancy.
Then this. Of course: someone who writes like you has been on the side of the plain old angels all along, the workaday saints, the do-rights.
all of joy and goodness to you, my fine friend. King lives!
Greg, oh my. You touch my heart.
I wish bigotry were passé but I am sad to say while on my vacation I heard conversations between adults who should know better...and left an entire table of diners who made me lose my appetite with their ignorance.
It’s heartbreaking looking at those pictures. Our 4-year old was asking about the holiday on the 19th, and he’s old enough for us to begin answering his questions in more detail. But the truth is that it’s all still fairly incomprehensible to me.