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APRIL 2, 2009 11:50AM

To Mammogram or Not to Mammogram?

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One pesky item has been sitting on my daily to-do list since November of 2007 and no matter how much time I have during a given day, I just never get around to crossing it off. Get thee to a radiology clinic, it says, and get thee your annual mammogram -- you're more than two years overdue.

Mammogram, mammogram, mammogram -- the word has haunted me during my waking and even sleeping hours through a month of Sundays. Just do it, will you?! What are you waiting for?

Tomorrow, I always tell myself, tomorrow I will call the clinic and make an appointment and, by golly, I will not cancel this time, I will not be a naughty 21st-century woman and refuse to take my medicine; I will submit myself to this all-important diagnostic test that the medical establishment says is de rigueur every single year from the age of 40 until death.

But I just absolutely 100% do not want to do it -- I do not want to squish or squash or mash that soft tissue between the two cold, hard glass plates of the mammogram behemoth, exposing them to who knows how much radiation every 12 months in the off chance some bad cells may have grown in there.

It's a quandary we American women face every annum: Am I protecting myself by having a yearly mammogram or by refusing to have a yearly mammogram? That is the question.

I'm trying not to make the decision to delay strictly on my own -- I'm listening closely to my body, which seems to be hoisting a red flag and begging me not to expose it to so much radiation so often, just because the doctor says so.

My body -- if I'm hearing it right -- seems to be telling me that it is strong and healthy, thank you very much, and that it prefers not to blindly heed the subtle and not-so-subtle message that without an annual mammogram I'm going to die of breast cancer. Soon.

It makes me want to have a temper tantrum, right there in my gynecologist's examining room.

It's not that I refuse to do any mammograms at all; it's just that I intuitively feel that once a year is too much. I am no physician or oncologist but a recent British study would seem to confirm my personal hunch -- British women have just one every three years, in contrast to the annual-test guidelines put out by the American Cancer Society which my gynecologist insists I follow.

Yes, my doctor is exasperated but sometimes we regular people have to push back on medical prescriptions and make some decisions on our own, mustering the guts to accept any risk ourselves that we could be wrong. But I would rather be wrong in refusing the annual test than buy into the anxiety that overly frequent diagnostic tests can create, including the exhortation to do a self-examination every month.

I would argue that this obsessive testing can create a fear of something we most likely will never get. When we're spending too much time setting up appointments for mammograms or marking calendars for monthly self-exams, we let a fear seep into our life -- as I've seen in myself and many other women -- that can sap the everyday joy of just feeling healthy and alive.

And what about the many women who are subjected to painful and often unnecessary procedures to confirm that a spot on the x-ray is not a killer tumor but just tissue that was pinched during the compression process? Once the smallest abnormality is detected, we have no choice but to pass through the medical gauntlet to the next battery of tests.

As that British study pointed out, most women undergo that stress and anxiety for nothing. Or they receive intensive treatment for a tumor that was so slow-growing that it might never have become lethal. But because it was seen to be there, and its true nature is not known, it must be attacked and eliminated.

(Men have a similar quandary with the PSA test, which often picks up prostate cancers that would never kill them. But the treatment ruins their life. My husband's doctor advised him not to do the PSA.)

Of course, there are plenty of disagreements among experts and laypeople as to when women should start having mammograms, how frequently they should have them and whether, in some cases, women should have them all.

I know that mammograms can save lives -- that early detection can lead to effective treatment and a positive outcome, especially for women with clear risk factors. I have friends and family members who have benefitted from early detection and treatment and lived to tell the tale.

But I do believe -- as did the oncologist Bernie Siegel in his book "Love, Medicine and Miracles" -- that in some cases the healthiest people are those who resist the siren call of the medical establishment, which often applies a one-size-fits-all approach to diagnosis and treatment.

I would further argue that some breast cancer awareness activities have caused women to ignore far greater risks for heart disease and other illnesses. According to an American Public Health Association survey, twice as many women fear breast cancer over heart disease, although heart disease and even lung cancer are more likely to kill us.

So, for now, I've stopped hectoring myself with that "get mammogram" item and scratched it off my daily to-do list -- I'll revisit the question next November when three years will have passed since my last one.

You may agree or disagree -- what is your mammogram strategy? Should we all be getting an annual mammogram or can we/should we wait? Anyone want to set me straight on this? wordpress com stats

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I'm going with once every other year between 40 and 50, and then I'll consider going every year after that. I may stick with every other year until I'm 60, though.
Thank you for this. I could have written it myself. I'm not a physician, but logically, it's always felt wrong to subject my body to doses of radiation into sensitive breast tissue on a "preventative" basis every year. I get lectured by everyone I know because we've all been brought up to be good little girls and get our mammograms without question. It just doesn't feel right to me, though. If they begin using thermography or some other more reliable, less risky procedure, then I'd consider doing it annually. I'm glad I'm not the only one who questions this blanket annual mammogram logic.
Just get a yearly mammogram. The self-checks every month are too much. A mammogram once a year is not.

And cut the new age crap about "listening to your body". If people could really get by just by "listening to the their bodies" - we'd have no need for modern medicine.
Just a little over 4 years ago, I lost one of my best friends (who didn't get mammograms) to breast cancer, after she spent 3 years in treatment. By the time she felt a lump, she had Stage III breast cancer. It's obviously your choice, but here's a link to a place where you can become better informed.

http://ww5.komen.org/breastcancer/earlydetectionampscreening.html
I had a mammogram in August 2007.

The cancer would have killed me by the end of the year had I not begun a year of chemotherapy mixed with radiation and surgery.

So what if it comes back showing no cancer?

Have dessert that night.

You have a better argument for annual tests related to heart disease and lung cancer in addition to rather than instead of annual mammograms.

I understand your fear but your premise is a false dilemma and dangerous.

Mammograms save lives. Maybe yours.
This is a really good point. I just had my annual because I'm surrounded by people getting cancer and so I'm scared enough to get myself in there. But my friend has stopped getting her mammograms because of the radiation - she figures in 48 years, she's been exposed to enough. What's a girl to do? Rated.
I'm not a doctor but I am a cancer survivor and I have a hard time with the idea of not testing. In the case of the PSA, it isn't the test that's harmful, but the possible treatment. While exposure to radiation could be harmful, undiagnosed breast cancer is worse. Now I also must admit that if men had to put their balls in that device once a year I might be singing a different tune.
I was told every other year was fine since there was no breast cancer in my family history. But now at sixty they seem to think yearly is a good idea. I have the paper to schedule mine...but not feeling it, and I do self-exams and not in the least hesitant to go in if I feel something. Tough call.
I tend to think once every other year with no history of cancer, like Buffy suggested, is sufficient. But you know your own body and risk history. Please err on the side of caution if you err, though.
My friend passed her "5 year breast cancer free" mark last fall and we all celebrated with her, really celebrated. And she started making plans for her life with vigor. Last week they found a new lump in her breast near her chest cavity. As we all try to rally around her and hope for the best, her comment to us is that she wants us to help her educate others women about the importance of paying attention to your breasts and to get mammorgrams when our doctor suggests we start. I agree, we all have to make informed health care decisions that feel right to us. I respect that. In the name of my friend, who is fighting again for her life, I'd like to say think carefully before you decide to put off having a mammogram.
We have no family history of breast cancer. Imagine our surprise when my younger sister was diagnosed at 32, a month after her wedding. She wasn't even at the age for getting a routine mammogram. She's doing well at almost 41, thank goodness.

And whenever I carry on about testing (I had something on last year's mammogram that the radiologist kept "being concerned about" though the breast surgeon and my gynecologist and everyone else who looked at the darn films felt it was nothing. This led to a repeat mammo, an ultrasound, a breast MRI and almost a MRI guided biopsy! Finally another radiologist said he couldn't see a damn thing and let me go on my way for another year) my sister, my best friend Lisa (who just lost her mother to an aggressive breast cancer), my husband (who just says, "I don't want to lose you") all give me a STFU and do what you have to do look (well, not hubby). And I look at my 2 year old and promise her, yes, I'll do it, but I'm going somewhere other than where that first damn radiologist works!

Squishdaboobogram for me in May. BTW, digital is much less painful, I've found and the images are better.
One in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their life. Eighty percent of them have no family history of breast cancer.
I've been to two funerals of women in their 40's who died of breast cancer who felt the same way as you. I know that that does not constitute a statistical sampling of women. But I get my annual mammograms yearly. I just do it. I do it out of fear. I can live with that.
I hope I don't sound like I'm against mammograms entirely -- it's just the annual test that I question. Some experts say American women have mammograms too often -- we certainly do undergo more than any other Western country, as far as I can tell.

So please don't get me wrong -- my question is about frequency, with some concerns about the effects of excess radiation on our tissues.

And I do believe in some mind-body connection -- in the same way that we know not to eat poisonous things or not to put our hand in the fire. Shouldn't we pay attention if we sense that our body doesn't want us to subject us to a medical test more often than it can stand?

On another note, a friend just told me that her breast cancer -- which she's lived with for many years -- was never picked up on a mammogram. So is it possible that annual mammograms give women the illusion that they're cancer-free?

I'm no doctor and offer no prescription on this highly sensitive topic. I just wanted to share some of my questions and what I've decided to do about it -- for better or worse. I will have a mammogram this year, just not every year, and follow British rather than American guidelines.
I have many conflicting feelings about this question. First of all, it's your decision and whatever you decide is simply what you decide. There are so many things I don't do that I should, it's like if I started listing them, there would be no end to the guilt and confusion about how to live my life. I have a strong history of breast cancer in my family, yet I went with the every 2-3 year strategy until I stopped menstruating at 55. That's because I believe that the risk of a false positive or a false negative is much higher in "estrogenized" breast tissue, so you could lose either way. I've undergone two biopsies during the every year phase, both negative, but then they tell you that any biopsies (needed or not???) make your risk of cancer higher. You have to believe what you believe. But for me, the thing is, if I have breast cancer down the road, then I have breast cancer down the road. I'll deal with it. I can't promise I will do exactly what the docs want me to do about it, but I'll deal with it. That's really all I need to know.
It seems to me like MRI's are the way to go, as many abnormalities that get missed by the mammogram are picked up on the MRI. BUT - they're expensive, and not the standard. My doctor just puts the order in for it, since I have had some "scares" - biopsy worthy.

I definitely agree with the survivors and friends/relatives of survivors about doing something annually that really isn't that much of a pain. I wish a doctor would weigh in on the radiation argument against mammograms - I tend to think that not getting a mammogram because of the radiation is ridiculous - but I haven't researched it at all.
I wish more women in need, who are probably more high risk, had the same access to something we take for granted. -or even the information to gain access. I see some really amazing and encouraging signs - free mammograms for low income women, breast health awareness, etc.

I proudly do the Rays of Hope walk every year with SigOthers amazing Mom, who is a survivor. Just go to one of THOSE, and you will be chomping at the bit for your mammogram.

This is an excellent post, I'm glad you are willing to discuss, and I look forward to reading more of your blog!
Post menopausal breast cancer and pre-menopausal have different genetic signatures. Post menopause, definitely, every year.

The thing about self exams is that by the time you feel it, it's a big tumor. Under something like 2 centimeters, the chances that it will spread to lymph nodes is small. The chances that you will feel it on a self exam are also small.

My mother's cancer was picked up that small. Before surgery, they had to put a wire marker in under ultrasound so the surgeon could find it - yep it was going to be hard to see in surgery, too.

They removed the cancer, it hadn't spread, my mother still has both breasts and her life expectancy hasn't changed much.

I'd recommend you find good data of your risk of breast cancer (which depends on a number of factors including age, genetics, age of menarche) and think hard about it.

Also, I note Britain often has worse cancer outcomes than the well-insured US. Later diagnosis is strongly related with worse outcome. If you look at these comparisons, you have to compare you (I presume well insured), not an average of Americans (including the uninsured) because this is about your decision.
Actually 2 cm is a large tumor, in terms of prognosis, I think you mean a 2 mm tumor. The question of radiation dose is not well answered by scientists or radiologists, it's about 0.2 rads per breast for a screening mammography, and certainly not totally benign. (It used to be much more, but now is regulated through certification of mammography facilities.) In many risk/benefit analyses, certainly more breast cancers are detected early when treatment is more likely to suceed than are caused by periodic mammography. However, many woman with very tiny breast cancers and negative node sampling undergo lumpectomy and therapeutic radiation treatments. My mother went through this scenerio in her early 70's and then developed chronic lymphocytic leukemia about 7 years later, from which she ultimately died. No one involved in her care wanted to blame the radiation for causing her second cancer, but I do. What we will never know is if she had not known and never been treated the breast cancer, would it have caused her death? or maybe not?

Not to push my personal philosphy on anyone else, but I think people in the US tend to believe that we can prevent bad things from happening by doing what doctors tell us to do. I think we know that simply isn't true.

There are a lot of unknowns out there. I work on doing what I think is the best course of action (for me and for my patients), but at the same time, I try my best to tolerate uncertainty as I go.
The radiation dose is quite low in comparison to when I did them in the early days of mammography.
Get 'er done!
Rebecca,

I've often wondered, as my boob is smooshed between 2 cold, hard pieces of plastic, why men don't have their junk inspected in the same way for testicular cancer?

There are discussions/studies in the medical community examining if mammograms are truly the best way to detect tumors. MRIs of the breast would seem more effective - but are they cost effective?

Have you read the book _Worried Sick_ by UNC's Dr. Nortin M. Hadler? He questions a lot of medical tests/practices and cites, as you have, that one-size fits all medicine may not serve the individual well.

It's a challenge to be informed and know, truly, what is the best way to go about managing one's health care.

Bravo, on another insightful and thought-provoking post.
Thank you, Sharon, for alerting me/us to Hadler's "Worried Sick." That is exactly what I was trying to say in this post. I look forward to reading it!
I used to find in horribly painful.
I started getting mammograms at age 34 because of fybroids. I thought I was being very responsible to do this. At 41 after 8 yrs of regular mammo's that found nothing, I found a tumor which was breast cancer. Now I question whether the mammo's actually caused the cancer. I have received MRI's after each of my last mammo's, and now I refuse to get another mammo. My Dr. said I have to get a mammo and then 6 months later I can get a MRI. I am saying no to the mammo and don't know what kind of fight I am going to have getting my insurance (CHP) to approve it. Any suggestions?
I left out that I want to get an MRI only and not get mammo. Each time I get a mammo the radiologist recommends an MRI also because of dense breasts and because I've had B.C.